![]() ![]() ![]() Health‐related components of physical fitness include five components of physical fitness:ĬARDIOVASCULAR OR CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESSĬardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), also known as cardiovascular fitness, is the ability to perform dynamic exercise using large muscles for prolonged periods, at specific intensities and frequency. HEALTH‐RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS However, one is likely to be the predominant system and provide most of the energy for the particular activity at hand.Īs it will be described in the next paragraphs, physical fitness can be further grouped into health‐ and skill‐related components ( Table 4.1) (Thompson et al., 2013). These two energy systems (aerobic and anaerobic) almost always work together harmoniously, sharing the responsibility for providing the energy for the entire body. Skill‐related physical fitness components Health‐related physical fitness components Source: (Adapted from Thompson et al., 2013). Table 4.1 Physical fitness categorization into health‐related and skill‐related components. For example, no oxygen is required to meet the energy necessary to run 100 meters or lift a heavy weight. The energy requirements are met predominately without the use of oxygen. They require a great deal of energy within a short span of time and can only be sustained for a few seconds to minutes. These activities challenge the body to maximum or near maximum efforts. Such activities include lifting a very heavy weight, jumping, sprinting, etc. Anaerobic exercises or activities, on the other hand, are characterized by bursts of intense activity lasting only a short time. Conversely, anaerobic fitness refers to the body’s ability to provide the required energy for a specific task anaerobically.Īerobic exercises or activities consist of repetitive, low resistance movements (walking or cycling) that last over a relatively long period of time (generally 5 minutes or more). Aerobic fitness refers to the degree or ability to provide the required energy for a specific task aerobically. ![]() In general, in aerobic processes more energy is produced from the use of the oxygen than anaerobic processes, but anaerobic processes release energy faster. Thus, activities referred to as aerobic or anaerobic accordingly. In low‐intensity activities oxygen is used from the muscles to break down energy sources like fats or glucose to perform the exercise. In high‐intensity activities energy is mainly derived without oxygen from components that are already stored in our body and are readily available. The derivation of energy aerobically or anaerobically depends exclusively on the intensity of the activity. Conversely, extracting energy without using oxygen is referred to as anaerobic (air‐independent living) metabolism. The use of oxygen to extract energy is referred to as aerobic metabolism (from the Greek word “aerobiosis”, air‐dependent living). Cells can extract the necessary energy in one of two ways: with the use of oxygen and without oxygen. From these materials, the muscle cells extract the energy required for the task at hand. In specific, it is not energy that is delivered to the muscles but the raw materials for example fat or glycogen. Because physical performance involves muscular work, the degree of performance of the task at hand (i.e., the degree of fitness) depends mainly on how the energy is made available and used by the muscles. Until then, physical fitness was defined in several ways, but according to 2013 ACSM guidelines (Thompson, Arena, Riebe, Pescatello, & American College of Sports, 2013), the most well‐accepted definition for physical fitness was “the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure‐time pursuits and meet unforeseen emergencies”. In 2006, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) defined physical fitness as, “a set of physical attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity” (Wilder et al., 2006).
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